The Queen’s Gambit Declined (or QGD) is a chess opening in which Black declines a pawn offered by White in the Queen’s Gambit:
1. d4 d5
2. c4 e6
This is known as the Orthodox Line of the Queen’s Gambit Declined. When the “Queen’s Gambit Declined” is mentioned, it is usually assumed to be referring to the Orthodox Line; see “Other lines” below.
The Orthodox Line can be reached by a number of different move orders, such as 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5; 1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5; 1.c4 e6 2.Nc3 d5 3.d4; 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.d4; and so on.
Exchange Variation: 4.cxd5 exd5
(1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6) 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 c6 6. Qc2 and White has a pawn majority in the centre, Black has a pawn majority on the queenside. This pawn structure gives White the opportunity to either advance his pawns in the centre by means of Nge2, f2–f3, followed by e2–e4, or play for a minority attack by means of the plan Rb1, followed by b2–b4–b5, then bxc6 in order to create a weak pawn at c6. While Black can play …cxb5, or recapture on c6 with a piece, each of these possibilities is even less desirable than the backward pawn in the open file. For Black, exchanging at d5 has released his light-squared bishop and opened the e-file, giving him the use of e4 as a springboard for central and kingside play. While chances are balanced, Black is usually more or less forced to use his superior activity to launch a piece attack on White’s king, as the long-term chances in the QGD Exchange structure favour White.
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PGN OF THE GAME:
[Event “World Cup”]
[Site “Belfort”]
[Date “1988.06.??”]
[Round “10”]
[White “Kasparov, Garry”]
[Black “Andersson, Ulf”]
[Result “1-0”]
[WhiteElo “2750”]
[BlackElo “2605”]
[Variant “Standard”]
[TimeControl “-“]
[ECO “D36”]
[Opening “Queen’s Gambit Declined: Exchange Variation, Reshevsky Variation”]
[Termination “Unknown”]
[Annotator “lichess.org”]
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 c6 6. Qc2 { D36 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Exchange Variation, Reshevsky Variation } Be7 7. e3 Nbd7 8. Bd3 O-O 9. Nge2 Re8 10. O-O Nf8 11. f3 Be6 12. Rae1 Rc8 13. Kh1 N6d7 14. Bxe7 Rxe7 15. Nf4 Rc7 16. Qf2 Nf6 17. e4 dxe4 18. fxe4 Rcd7 19. d5 cxd5 20. Bb5 Rc7 21. exd5 Bd7 22. Be2 Rc8 23. Qxa7 b6 24. Qa6 Ne4 25. d6 Nxd6 26. Nfd5 Re5 27. Qxb6 Nf5 28. Qxd8 Rxd8 29. Bd3 Rxe1 30. Rxe1 Ng6 31. a4 Nd4 32. a5 Kf8 33. Bxg6?! { (2.81 → 2.04) Inaccuracy. b4 was best. } (33. b4 f6 34. Ra1 Bc6 35. a6 Ne5 36. Bxh7 Ra8 37. Be4 Ra7 38. g3 Kf7 39. Ne3 Bxe4+) 33… hxg6 34. Rd1 Ne6?! { (1.67 → 2.83) Inaccuracy. Nc6 was best. } (34… Nc6 35. Nb6 Ke8 36. a6 Na7 37. Re1+ Kf8 38. Rd1 Ke8 39. b4 Bc6 40. Rxd8+ Kxd8 41. Kg1) 35. Nb6 Bc6? { (2.50 → 4.58) Mistake. Ke8 was best. } (35… Ke8 36. a6 Bc6 37. a7 Rxd1+ 38. Nxd1 Nc7 39. Ne3 Ke7 40. Nec4 Ke6 41. Kg1 g5 42. Kf2) 36. Rxd8+ Nxd8 37. b4 Ne6 38. b5 { White wins. } 1-0
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