The Queen’s Gambit Declined (or QGD) is a chess opening in which Black declines a pawn offered by White in the Queen’s Gambit:
1. d4 d5
2. c4 e6
This is known as the Orthodox Line of the Queen’s Gambit Declined. When the “Queen’s Gambit Declined” is mentioned, it is usually assumed to be referring to the Orthodox Line; see “Other lines” below.
The Orthodox Line can be reached by a number of different move orders, such as 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5; 1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5; 1.c4 e6 2.Nc3 d5 3.d4; 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.d4; and so on.
Exchange Variation: 4.cxd5 exd5
(1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6) 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 c6 6. Qc2 and White has a pawn majority in the centre, Black has a pawn majority on the queenside. This pawn structure gives White the opportunity to either advance his pawns in the centre by means of Nge2, f2–f3, followed by e2–e4, or play for a minority attack by means of the plan Rb1, followed by b2–b4–b5, then bxc6 in order to create a weak pawn at c6. While Black can play …cxb5, or recapture on c6 with a piece, each of these possibilities is even less desirable than the backward pawn in the open file. For Black, exchanging at d5 has released his light-squared bishop and opened the e-file, giving him the use of e4 as a springboard for central and kingside play. While chances are balanced, Black is usually more or less forced to use his superior activity to launch a piece attack on White’s king, as the long-term chances in the QGD Exchange structure favour White.
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